What are governor limits in Salesforce?

What are governor limits in Salesforce?

Governor limits in Salesforce are predefined restrictions imposed by the platform to ensure shared resources are used efficiently and to prevent any single process from monopolizing shared resources. These limits play a crucial role in maintaining the health and performance of the multi-tenant environment that Salesforce operates in.

These limits include restrictions on the amount of data that can be processed, the number of queries or DML statements (Data Manipulation Language) executed in a single transaction, the number of records retrieved in a single query, and the maximum execution time for Apex code. Governor limits are enforced on various aspects such as per-transaction Apex limits, static Apex limits, size-specific limits, and others.

Understanding and adhering to these limits is essential for Salesforce developers. It necessitates writing efficient and optimized code to ensure that custom applications and processes run smoothly within the Salesforce environment. When these limits are exceeded, Salesforce will terminate the process, generating a runtime exception. This enforces the discipline of best coding practices, ensuring that Salesforce remains a robust and reliable platform for all its users.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What are Governor Limits in Salesforce?

Governor limits are runtime limits enforced by Salesforce to ensure efficient use of resources and to maintain the overall health of the shared, multi-tenant environment. These limits prevent a single organization from monopolizing the shared resources, ensuring that all organizations can access and use the platform efficiently.

Why does Salesforce enforce Governor Limits?

Salesforce enforces governor limits to prevent any one user or organization from consuming too many resources on the shared platform. This ensures fair usage, maintains system performance, and avoids disruptions caused by inefficient code or operations that consume excessive resources.

What are some common types of Governor Limits in Salesforce?

Common types of governor limits include limits on SOQL queries (e.g., total number of queries that can be run in a single transaction), DML operations (e.g., total number of records that can be inserted, updated, or deleted in a single transaction), CPU time, heap size, and the number of callouts to external services.

What is the maximum number of SOQL queries allowed per transaction?

The maximum number of SOQL queries allowed per transaction is 100. This limit ensures that a single transaction does not overuse database resources, which could impact system performance for other users.

How can you handle hitting the DML statement limit in a single transaction?

To handle hitting the DML statement limit, you can batch your DML operations or refactor your code to reduce the number of DML statements. Using bulk operations or leveraging collections like lists and maps to perform DML operations on multiple records at once can help stay within the limits.

What is the maximum heap size for a synchronous transaction?

The maximum heap size for a synchronous transaction in Salesforce is 6 MB. If a transaction exceeds this limit, it will fail, so it’s important to manage memory usage carefully, especially when working with large datasets or complex data structures.

What strategies can be used to avoid hitting CPU time limits?

To avoid hitting CPU time limits, you can optimize your code to reduce its complexity, use efficient algorithms, avoid nested loops, and leverage asynchronous processing (e.g., future methods, batch Apex) when dealing with long-running operations. Proper indexing and selective querying can also help reduce CPU time.

How does Salesforce handle too many SOQL queries in a single transaction?

If too many SOQL queries are executed in a single transaction, Salesforce will throw a governor limit exception, causing the transaction to fail. To avoid this, you should optimize your queries, use selective criteria, and avoid unnecessary database interactions.

What is the callout limit in Salesforce and how can it be managed?

The callout limit in Salesforce is 100 callouts to external services per transaction. To manage this limit, ensure that your code consolidates multiple callouts into fewer ones when possible, and consider using asynchronous callouts or batch processes to spread the callouts across multiple transactions.

How can you monitor and debug Governor Limit issues in Salesforce?

You can monitor and debug governor limit issues by using Salesforce’s Developer Console, debug logs, and the Limits class. The Developer Console provides insights into the resource usage of your code, while debug logs capture detailed information about the execution of your code, including governor limit usage. The Limits class allows you to programmatically check governor limits within your code and handle them appropriately.

What are the governor limits in Salesforce?

Governor limits in Salesforce are enforced to ensure that no single tenant can monopolize shared resources on the multitenant platform. These limits control the maximum amount of resources (like CPU usage, memory, database queries, etc.) that can be consumed during code execution. Key governor limits include:

1. SOQL Queries: Maximum of 100 SOQL queries per transaction.
2. DML Statements: Maximum of 150 DML operations per transaction.
3. CPU Time: Maximum of 10,000 milliseconds of CPU time per transaction.
4. Heap Size: Maximum of 6 MB for synchronous transactions and 12 MB for asynchronous transactions.
5. Records Retrieved: Maximum of 50,000 records retrieved by SOQL queries.
6. Callouts: Maximum of 100 callouts to external services per transaction.

How can you avoid Salesforce governor limits?

To avoid Salesforce governor limits, you can implement the following best practices:

1. Bulkify Code: Process records in bulk rather than individually to reduce the number of DML and SOQL operations.
2. Use Collections: Utilize collections like lists and maps to perform operations on multiple records in a single transaction.
3. Efficient Queries: Write selective and optimized SOQL queries to minimize the number of records returned.
4. Use @Future and Batch Apex: For long-running operations or large datasets, use asynchronous processing with @Future methods or Batch Apex.
5. Limit Loops: Avoid nested loops and minimize the number of loops to reduce CPU time and memory usage.
6. Query Planning: Use indexed fields and query selective fields to enhance query performance.

How to query more than 50,000 records in Salesforce?

To query more than 50,000 records in Salesforce, you can use Batch Apex. Batch Apex allows you to process large volumes of data in smaller, manageable chunks. Here’s how:

1. Implement Batch Apex: Create a class that implements the Database.Batchable interface.
2. Divide Data: Batch Apex divides the data into smaller batches of up to 2000 records per batch.
3. Process Batches: The execute method processes each batch separately, allowing you to handle large datasets without hitting the governor limits.

Batch Apex ensures that each batch runs within the governor limits, making it an effective solution for large data processing tasks.

What is the maximum number of batches in Salesforce?

The maximum number of batches in Salesforce that can be submitted in a single transaction is five. This limit ensures that the platform can manage the batch processing workload efficiently without overwhelming system resources.

What is the governor limit for batch apex?

The governor limit for Batch Apex includes several constraints designed to manage resource usage effectively:

1. Batches: A maximum of 2000 records can be processed per batch.
2. Concurrent Batches: Up to five Batch Apex jobs can be queued or active simultaneously.
3. DML Statements: Up to 10,000 DML operations can be performed in a single transaction within a batch.
4. SOQL Queries: Up to 50,000 records can be retrieved by SOQL queries within a single transaction in a batch.

What is the batch limit for 24 hours in Salesforce?

The batch limit for 24 hours in Salesforce is 250,000 batches per rolling 24-hour period. This limit ensures that the platform can handle a high volume of batch processing while maintaining overall system performance and stability.

How many batches can you have in a day in Salesforce?

In Salesforce, you can have a total of 250,000 batches processed in a rolling 24-hour period. This limit helps to manage and balance the load on the system, ensuring optimal performance and resource availability for all users.

What is the limit 1000 in Salesforce?

The limit 1000 in Salesforce refers to the maximum number of records that can be retrieved by a single SOSL (Salesforce Object Search Language) query. This limit ensures that search operations remain efficient and performant, preventing excessive resource consumption from large search result sets.

What is the batch size limit for Salesforce Dataloader?

The batch size limit for Salesforce Dataloader is 10,000 records per batch. This means that when you use the Dataloader tool to import, update, or delete records, you can process up to 10,000 records in a single batch. However, you can adjust the batch size based on your needs and the performance of your system.

How do I reduce batch size in Salesforce?

To reduce batch size in Salesforce, you can adjust the settings in the tool or interface you are using:

1. Dataloader: Open the Dataloader, go to Settings, and adjust the Batch Size to a lower value. For example, you might set it to 2000 or 1000 records per batch.
2. Batch Apex: When defining a batch Apex job, you can set the batch size in the Database.executeBatch method.
   For example:
   Database.executeBatch(new MyBatchClass(), 500); This sets the batch size to 500 records per batch.

How many API calls does Dataloader use?

The number of API calls used by Dataloader depends on the batch size and the number of records being processed. Each batch of records processed by Dataloader counts as one API call. Therefore, if you are processing 10,000 records with a batch size of 2000, it would use 5 API calls (10,000 / 2000 = 5). Adjusting the batch size and the number of records will directly affect the number of API calls.

What is the Salesforce batch heap size limit?

The Salesforce batch heap size limit is:

• 6 MB for synchronous transactions.
• 12 MB for asynchronous transactions, including Batch Apex.

This limit refers to the amount of memory allocated to store objects and variables in a single transaction. If the heap size limit is exceeded, the transaction will fail.

How to reduce heap size in Salesforce?

To reduce heap size in Salesforce, consider the following strategies:

1. Use Efficient Queries: Retrieve only the fields you need using selective SOQL queries.
2. Optimize Data Structures: Use lightweight data structures and collections. Avoid storing large objects or data sets in memory.
3. Process in Batches: Break down large data processing tasks into smaller batches to minimize memory usage.
4. Clear Variables: Explicitly clear large collections and variables when they are no longer needed by setting them to null.
5. Use Limits Class: Monitor heap usage with the Limits.getHeapSize() method and adjust processing logic accordingly.

What is the minimum batch size in Salesforce?

The minimum batch size in Salesforce for Batch Apex is 1 record. You can set the batch size to process as few as one record per batch, although this is not typically recommended for performance reasons. A practical minimum batch size is usually larger, depending on the specific use case and processing requirements.

What is the batch queue limit in Salesforce?

The batch queue limit in Salesforce is:

• 5 queued or active batch jobs at a time per Salesforce org.

This means you can have up to 5 batch jobs either processing or waiting to be processed simultaneously. If you attempt to enqueue more than 5 batch jobs, the additional jobs will be held in the queue and will start processing as soon as the currently active or queued jobs complete.

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